These are the most popular of the stainless steels because of their ductility, ease of working and good corrosion resistance. They are extremely formable and weldable, and they can be successfully used from cryogenic temperatures to the redhot temperatures of furnaces and jet engines. This paper, the evolution of high performance stainless steels, is reprinted in this brochure. Pdf high strength medium carbon austenitic stainless steels have been developed through partial and total replacement of nickel by nitrogen. Aisi 316 is among one of the grade that can be identified from that convention in the category of nickelchromium steels. It is still sometimes referred to by its old name 188 which is derived from the nominal composition of type 304 being 18% chromium and 8% nickel. Hardness specification limits given are hrb rockwell b scale. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect topics. Common austenitic stainless steel grades and their applications common name uns no forms available c cr ni mo ti other typical applications 301 s30100 sheet, coil 0. In this instance, increasing strength properties, which are.
What is the difference between ferritic, austenitic. Chemical compositions of aisi astmasme and uns austenitic. Chemical compositions of aisi astmasme and uns austenitic stainless steel grades introduction aisi astm asme and uns. The carbon present in the form of ironcarbidefe3c increases the hardness and strength of the steel. Austenitic stainless steel grades knight strip metals ltd. Alloy 20 seems to fall inbetween both the stainless and nickel categories, as it does contain characteristics of both. Aug 08, 2018 aisi stands for american iron and steel institute.
Austenitic grades are nonmagnetic and in addition to chromium, typically at the 18% level contain nickel which eases the fabrication process and corrosion resistance and are the most widely used group of stainless steels. The straight grades of austenitic stainless steel contain a maximum of 0. These steel grades have been developed for industries with harsh conditions such as petrochemical, chemical, paper and offshore systems. Known for their formability and resistance to corrosion, austenitic steels are the most widely used grade of stainless steel. Well known stainless steel grade, very close to the 201 grade but with lower mechanical properties. This austenite crystalline structure is achieved by sufficient additions of the. Plasma cut stainless steel plates can be cut to your requirements and we can supply guillotined stainless steel sheet.
For example, grades tp304, tp304l, and tp347 are accepted. Stainless steel is a generic term for a group of corrosion resisting steels containing a minimum of 10. Type 304 is the most versatile and widely used stainless steel. Whats the difference between austenitic and duplex stainless. This group contains at least 16% chromium and 6% nickel the basic grade 304 is referred to as 188 and range through to the high alloy or super austenitics such as 904l and 6% molybdenum grades. At atlantic stainless, we offer highquality austenitic, martensitic, and ferritic stainless steel grades that are available in a range of forms, grades, finishes, gauges, widths, and lengths. Austenitic stainless steel grades knight strip metals.
The other grades are developed to provide special corrosion resistance properties by adding molybdenum, chromium andor decreasing carbon content l grades. Grade 904l employs very low carbon levels to produce a weldable wrought version of an existing cast alloy having very high resistance to strong reducing acids. This type is the most popular and favorable metal for industrial purposes. Austenitic steels are the most widely used grade of stainless steel. Wide selection of austenitic and ferritic stainless steel grades. Unless otherwise specified fasteners from austenitic stainless steel shall be clean and bright. Such alloys, which are based on type 304 188 stainless steel, as shown in fig. If welding is necessary use grade 410 low hydrogen electrodes. European directive 200053ec on endoflife vehicles and later modifications. Nfa 36 711 standard stainless steel intended for use in contact with foodstuffs, products and beverages for human. Grade 316 is an austenitic grade second only to 304 in commercial importance. Petroleum engineers steel products manualstainless and heat.
Stainless steels introduction to the grades and families. The concept of super austenitic stainless steel comes with super ferritic stainless steel and super duplex stainless steel. The average carbon footprint of stainless steel all grades, all countries has been estimated to be 2. The high chromium, molybdenum and nitrogen contents results in a pitting resistance equivalent number pren of 3334, providing pitting and crevice corrosion resistance superior to alloy 316l in almost all corrosive media. Grade aisi 316 is the general purpose and widely used austenite steel. Alloy 20 alloy 20 stainless steel is a superaustenitic stainless alloy developed for maximum corrosion resistance to sulfuric acid and other aggressive environments not suitable for typical austenitic grades. Astm a403a403m10 standard specification for wrought. The table is based on the wrought ie long products stainless steel bars etc, flat products stainless steel plates etc steel numbers published in en 10088 and related standards. Oct 29, 2017 austenitic steel is a type of stainless steel that contains austenite. Wide selection of austenitic and ferritic stainless steel. Austenitic stainless steels are nonhardenable by heat treating. Taken from astm specifications for plate, sheet and strip when available or from company data sheets. Astm a312a312ma standard specification for seamless. Pdf some strengthening methods for austenitic stainless steels.
Austenitic steels are nonmagnetic stainless steels that contain high levels of chromium and nickel and low levels of carbon. Ferritic stainless steels with highest cr content, showing excellent. Overview of stainless steel and stainless plate stainless. Austenitic stainless steels possess austenite as their primary crystalline structure facecentered cubic. The most common austenitic alloys are ironchromiumnickel steels and are widely known as the 300 series. Austenitic stainless steel is a specific type of stainless steel alloy. This compilation of stainless steel grade datasheets has been produced by atlas steels technical department as. Related austenitic stainless steel grades introduction.
Corrosion performance may be varied to suit a wide. Duplex austenitic ferritic duplex stainless steels were born and have been actively developed by european companies since 1935. The austenitic group contains more grades, that are used in greater quantities, than any other category of stainless steel. If the stainless steel type meets the physical requirements of straight grade, there is no minimum carbon requirement. For maximum corrosion resistance passivation is recommended. Austenitic stainless steels exhibit superior corrosion resistance to both ferritic and martensitic stainless steels. A better option if the weld is not required to be hard is to use a grade 309 austenitic stainless steel. Austenitic stainless steel grades comparison chart en10088. Ferritic stainless steels means 400 series contain 10% to 30% chromium content martensitic stainless steels.
There is a misconception that straight grades contain a minimum of. Austenitic stainless steels are less resistant to cyclic oxidation than are ferritic grades because their greater thermal expansion co efficient tends to cause the. In view of the continuous improvement of their properties and their growing availability, duplex stainless steels will remain an attractive solution to the future needs of designers and users in mechanical engineering. Tables of technical properties international stainless steel. West yorkshire steel suppliers and stockholders of round bar, flat bar, plate and sheet. It is well established that nitrogen, in combination with molybdenum, greatly improves resistance to pitting corrosion. Please contact us for mechanical properties if en, astm, or aisi specification is required. Ferritic stainless steel ferritic steels are made up of ferrite crystals, a form of iron which contains only a very small amount up to 0. Austenitic stainless steels possessing good corrosion resistance have recently found growing applications as a constructional material. The relatively new austenitic ferritic duplex stainless steel grades will be compared to the standard austenitic grades 1. Suitable for use in heat processing industries that need outstanding resistance to carburization and thermal cycling. For more specific information on exact austenitic steel grades, please see our article on the many different grades of austenitic stainless steel. Diameters in austenitic stainless steel grades can be sawn to your required lengths as 1 offs or multiple cut pieces.
Austenitic stainless steels constitute the largest stainless steel family in terms of alloys and usage. Austenitic stainless steel has a thermal conductivity of one third of carbon steel and is a superior absorber of laser light. The most commonly used austenitic stainless steel grades for piping material components are 304, 316, and 321. Austenitic stainless steels of all elements added to the basic alloy of chromium and iron, nickel is the most important. Austenitic stainless steel 330 is a heat and corrosion resistant alloy that is commonly used in the high temperature industrial conditions. The table is based on the wrought ie long products bars etc. Straight grades the straight grades of austenitic stainless steel contain a maximum of. It has increased corrosion resistance because of molybdenum content in it. A typical example is a super austenitic stainless steel containing 6% molybdenum and 7% molybdenum. Introduction to stainless steels asm international. Issf stainless steel for designers 10 stainless steel in fire detailed report on the mechanical behaviour of austenitic stainless steels in fire are available. Austenitic stainless steels possess austenite as their primary crystalline structure face centered cubic. Whats the difference between austenitic and duplex.
Alloying elements following is a brief look at the alloying elements found in stainless steels and their functions. Pdf some strengthening methods for austenitic stainless. Headquartered in west chester, ohio greater cincinnati, the company employs approximately 9,200 men and women at manufacturing operations across seven states. Core 3044301 is a classic 18% chromium, 8% nickel austenitic stainless steel and an allpurpose product with good corrosion resistance. With the average chromium content of 18% and nickel content of 8% austenitic stainless steels are sometimes referred to as 188 although the actual chromium and nickel content can vary widely from these figures. Austenitic stainless steel grades comparison chart. Stainless steel properties, grades and price per kg. Core 304l4307 is a lowcarbon alternative to core 3044301 that is giving an improved resistance against intergranular corrosion. Chromium forms a surface film of chromium oxide to make the stainless steel corrosion resistant.
Austenitic stainless steels summary austenitic stainless steels are the most common and familiar types of stainless steel. Austenitic stainless steels are classified in the 200 and 300 series, with 16% to 30% chromium and 2% to 20% nickel for enhanced surface quality, formability, increased corrosion and wear resistance. Austenitic stainless steel an overview sciencedirect. Austenitic stainless steel grades comparison chart the table is intended to relate former bs, en, german and swedish grade designations to the current en steel numbers, aisi grades and uns numbers.
The american iron and steel institute aisi is an association of north american steel manufacturers. Well known stainless steel as well, with very high corrosion resistance, it is usually reserved to very aggressive. It also increases the scaling resistance at elevated temperatures. We supply all austenitic stainless grades, including 201, all 300 series stainless steel 301, 304, 304l, 305, 321, 347, 316, 316l, 316ti, 904l. Tables of technical properties of stainless steels flat products. It not only improves corrosion resistance, but also changes the alloys structure and mechanical properties. Different types of steels pdf applications, chemical composition, stainless steels, properties etcsteels are widely used materials in industry. The table is intended to relate former bs, en, german and swedish grade designations to the current en steel numbers, aisi grades grades in brackets are not a true aisi grades and uns unified numbering system numbers. Different types of steels pdfstainless steels, chemical. Superaustenitic steels are amagnetic and present a good weldability and excellent formability.
They are the alloys of iron, carbon and other elements such as silicon, phosphorus, sulphur and manganese. Austenitic stainless steel, which is usually referred to as the 300 series, is ideally suited to laser welding, table 4. Technical information stainless steel austenitic 316h. Stainless steels may be classified by their crystalline structure into four main types. Chemical composition of high performance austenitic stainless steels and representative standard grades wt.
West yorkshire steel also supply high alloyed austenitic grades such as s31254 and 904l. Pdf aisi 316 austenitic nonmagnetic stainless steel. Chemical composition below is the table of chemical composition for different stainless steel grades in accordance with iso 35061. Note 1 when the impact test criterion for a lowtemperature service would be 15 ftlbf 20 j energy absorption or 15 mils 0. Compared to regular steel, stainless does not easily corrode, rust, or stain making stainless steels ideal if. Practical guidelines for the fabrication of high performance.
For this summary we have chosen to focus on just four major themes of the. Consequently, this makes 200 series stainless steels a lower cost alternative to the 300 series. Combined welding of austenitic and ferritic stainless steel. Austenitic grades are those alloys which are commonly in use for stainless applications. The table is based on the wrought ie long products stainless steel bars etc, flat products stainless steel plates etc steel numbers published. Austenitic stainless steels material grades ambica. Compared to regular steel, stainless does not easily corrode, rust, or stain making stainless steels ideal if corrosion or oxidation are a problem. Below are the different stainless steel grades explained. Most astm and asme standards list the steel grades by their uns unified numbering system numbers but also make reference, where appropriate to the more general aisi american iron and steel institute grade designations. It contains a high percentage of nickel and chromium, enhancing its ability to be formed and welded easily into any shape along with providing great strength and resistance to corrosion. Some strengthening methods for austenitic stainless steels. Wrought austenitic stainless steels combine a useful combination of. Ironchromiumnickel grades corresponding to both standard aisi 300series alloys and modified versions of these alloys.
126 766 1137 1294 961 588 807 1098 713 1025 567 1345 1643 1265 1089 1458 1124 282 1267 1055 1286 1185 783 7 715 412 1332 770 1593 340 649 817 1011 154 1413 679 1305 208 207 1277 1189